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Case Study #243 — 300 Software Failure Case Studies

April 2020 negative oil price trading-system failures

US crude oil futures traded below zero for the first time in history, and several retail trading platforms (notably Interactive Brokers) mishandled the event, causing some traders unexpected losses far beyond their account balances.

2020-04-20
When it happened
Finance
Sector
#243 of 300
Ranked by documented impact
01 — What Happened

The damage was public. The root cause was preventable.

US crude oil futures traded below zero for the first time in history, and several retail trading platforms (notably Interactive Brokers) mishandled the event, causing some traders unexpected losses far beyond their account balances.

Finance
Sector affected
2020-04-20
Date of the event
#243
Rank in the 300 Software Failure Case Studies
1
Distinct root-cause clause identified below
02 — The Root Cause

What the software actually got wrong

Some brokerage trading systems had not been built or tested to handle negative prices for a commodity future, so their software miscalculated margin requirements and account values during the brief negative-price window, in some cases forcing erroneous liquidations or blocking clients from managing their positions properly.

01Root Cause

Some brokerage trading systems had not been built or...

What Happened

Some brokerage trading systems had not been built or tested to handle negative prices for a commodity future, so their software miscalculated margin requirements and account values during the brief negative-price window, in some cases forcing erroneous liquidations or blocking clients from managing their positions properly.

How Requs AI Catches This

Requs AI Edge Case flags this exact pattern at the requirements and architecture stage — before a single line of code implementing it exists — so the assumption behind it gets challenged while it is still cheap to fix.

03 — How This Gets Caught Before It Happens

Beyond code coverage and "shall" testing

Root causes like this one rarely show up in code coverage or requirements-compliance testing, because nobody wrote a requirement anticipating the specific edge case that broke. Requs AI Edge Case and Requs AI Software FMEA are built to surface exactly this class of overlooked failure mode — before the software is written.

Requs AI Edge Case

Surfaces this before code exists

Identifies edge cases like this one at requirements and architecture time, using the Common Defect Enumeration to catalog failure patterns seen across hundreds of real-world software failures — including this one.

Requs AI Software FMEA

Connects the failure mode to the hazard

Traces this class of root cause directly to the system-level hazard it can produce, so a defect pattern like this one gets flagged during design review instead of after it ships.

Find the overlooked root causes before they ship.

Schedule a demonstration, or explore how Requs AI Edge Case and Software FMEA use the Common Defect Enumeration.