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Case Study #42 — Top 100 Software Failures

UK Post Office Horizon scandal

Around 900 sub-postmasters were wrongfully prosecuted (roughly 700 convicted) for theft or false accounting based on faulty data; the scandal has been linked to bankruptcies, imprisonments, and at least several suicides, and is described as one of the UK's worst miscarriages of justice.

1999–2015 (ongoing exonerations)
When it happened
Government / Retail
Sector
#42 of 100
Ranked by documented impact
01 — What Happened

The damage was public. The root cause was preventable.

Around 900 sub-postmasters were wrongfully prosecuted (roughly 700 convicted) for theft or false accounting based on faulty data; the scandal has been linked to bankruptcies, imprisonments, and at least several suicides, and is described as one of the UK's worst miscarriages of justice.

Government
Sector affected
1999–2015 (ongoing exonerations)
Date of the event
#42
Rank in the Top 100 Software Failures
2
Distinct root-cause clauses identified below
02 — The Root Cause

What the software actually got wrong

The Horizon accounting software, built by Fujitsu, contained bugs that created phantom cash shortfalls in branch accounts; the Post Office denied the software could be at fault and prosecuted postmasters instead, a position only reversed after a 2019 High Court ruling.

01Root Cause

The Horizon accounting software, built by Fujitsu, contained bugs...

What Happened

The Horizon accounting software, built by Fujitsu, contained bugs that created phantom cash shortfalls in branch accounts

How Requs AI Catches This

Requs AI Edge Case flags this exact pattern at the requirements and architecture stage — before a single line of code implementing it exists — so the assumption behind it gets challenged while it is still cheap to fix.

02Root Cause

The Post Office denied the software could be at...

What Happened

the Post Office denied the software could be at fault and prosecuted postmasters instead, a position only reversed after a 2019 High Court ruling

How Requs AI Catches This

Requs AI Software FMEA traces this failure mode back to the system-level hazard it feeds, tagging it against the Common Defect Enumeration so it surfaces in review instead of in the field.

03 — How This Gets Caught Before It Happens

Beyond code coverage and "shall" testing

Root causes like this one rarely show up in code coverage or requirements-compliance testing, because nobody wrote a requirement anticipating the specific edge case that broke. Requs AI Edge Case and Requs AI Software FMEA are built to surface exactly this class of overlooked failure mode — before the software is written.

Requs AI Edge Case

Surfaces this before code exists

Identifies edge cases like this one at requirements and architecture time, using the Common Defect Enumeration to catalog failure patterns seen across hundreds of real-world software failures — including this one.

Requs AI Software FMEA

Connects the failure mode to the hazard

Traces this class of root cause directly to the system-level hazard it can produce, so a defect pattern like this one gets flagged during design review instead of after it ships.

Find the overlooked root causes before they ship.

Schedule a demonstration, or explore how Requs AI Edge Case and Software FMEA use the Common Defect Enumeration.